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JESUS - THE MESSIAH?
I. The necessity of blood atonement.
A. In the OT, blood was required for
atonement.
1) Even willful sin had a sacrifice (asham - guilt offering).
a) But blood not enough for
"asham" - restitution required
an
extra (20%?) amount.
2) Scapegoat.
a) But scapegoat sent out
live, and not killed.
3) Passover, lamb's blood on
door. Exod
12
a) But not considered a
sacrifice of atonement.
4) Sacrifice even when Torah
given. Exod
24:8
5) But all sacrifices must be on
altar. Lev 17
a) Jesus wasn't sacrificed on
an altar.
b) But blood sacrifice went
beyond the altar.
1> Rabbis saw
Abraham's circumcision as a sacrifice.
2> God passed between
animal pieces, pledging his
life. Gen 15:9,10,17
A> But this is not
referred to as a sacrifice.
B. Principle of blood sacrifice is
substitution.
1) Rabbis - when God looks at
blood of animals, He sees blood of
Isaac.
2) Priest Phineas brought
atonement by spearing 2 people. Num 25
3) If ox kills man, its life must
be taken. Exod
21:30
a) Forgiveness of sins not in
view, but substitution.
4) Rabbi Rashi
- life atones for life. There must be substitution.
5) The Messiah must be our "asham" (guilt offering) for sin. (Xn)
a) But Resurrection
disqualifies ransom motif of atonement.
b) But why does Ezekiel
reinstitute blood sacrifice, if Jesus
fulfilled
it? Ezek 43:23-27; 46:2
C. Atonement by other (non-blood)
means?
1) Prayer or charity (instituted
after fall of Temple).
Prov
16:6, Hos 6:6 (mercy), Hos 14 (prayer), Ps 78 (weak-
ness), Ps 8,10 (seekers),
Isa 27 (destroy idolators)
a) If no atonement without
blood, then generation of 70 year
Exile not saved.
b) Blood not needed. Only prayer. 2 Chron
7:14
1> But Temple is
described as "house of sacrifice" in
previous
verses. 2 Chron 7:12
2) Prophets extoled obedience to
God. 1 Sam 15:22
a) But they did not reject
sacrifice.
b) Hosea told Northern Israel
that prayer and repentance
were
sufficient.
3) Flour offering instead of
goat. Lev 5:10
a) But flour had to be mixed
with blood on altar.
1> But flour alone was
sufficient for worshipper.
4) Censor used in worship brought
atonement. Num ??
a) But censor also mixed with
blood.
5) Nathan forgave David without
sacrifice.
a) But in Psalm 51 David
offers a sacrifice.
6) No atonement for murder.
a) But King David committed
murder and was forgiven.
b) Psalm 51 refers to his
sacrifice.
7) David and census. Atonement - lose your kingdom.
a) But David concluded with a
sacrifice.
8) Miriam healed.
9) Abimelech
atoned by Abraham's prayer after potential sin with
Sarah.
10) Samuel and Saul.
11) Ezra - no blood or other
action required, except to get rid
of
foreign wives.
D. Contradictions in NT view of
sacrifice.
1) Hebrews says sacrifices don't
atone for sin. Did they in OT?
2) Judaism teaches no sacrifice
for future sin, only past sin.
3) Humans aren't valid as
sacrifices.
a) Sacrifice had to be
partially eaten by the worshippers.
b) The blood had to be
smeared.
c) Animal had to be 3 years
old.
d) Animal had to be female.
e) Animal had to be
clean. (Jesus was dirty?)
f) Humans are never
sacrificed for atonement.
II. Genealogy of
Jesus.
A. Genealogy cannot be adopted.
1) Jesus' genealogy is through
Joseph, but Joseph wasn't his
real
father.
a) Adoption is valid for
genealogy.
b) But texts say it is
not. <find out more>
2) If at least one of the
genealogies is actually Mary's line,
women
cannot pass on inheritance of kingship.
a) If they could, then Athaliah would have had her son take
throne.
b) Athaliah
killed the male heirs, but not the female.
c) But in special case in OT,
widowed women passed on land
rights. Num ??
d) And note that the first
messianic prophecy (Gen 3:15)
speaks
of the woman's seed defeating Satan, not Adam's.
1> But doesn't apply
for this argument. (Jewish)
B. Kingly line must be through David
by way of Solomon.
1) Luke traces descent through
Nathan, David's brother rather
than
son. Therefore, Jesus is not of
kingly line.
2) Promises descend through only
one male line.
a) Abraham's promise only
goes through Isaac.
b) Aaron's promise only goes
through Phineas.
c) David's promise only goes
through Solomon.
C. The curse of Jeconiah
[Jehoiachin] (no descendant would be on
throne).
1) Matthew has Jeconiah in genealogy.
2) But Jeconiah's
descendants had a legal right to rule.
a) Curse may apply only to
immediate family. (Jer 22:30)
b) Promise was renewed for Zerubbabel.
1> But Zerubbabel didn't become king. Curse still valid?
2> Yet Zerubbabel is extoled on Hanukkah.
A> The Davidic
covenant was renewed for him.
3) Biblical authors didn't deal
with curse, but rabbis did.
a) Other heirs besides son could
be king.
(Jeconiah's
uncle followed him.)
4) And if Messiah must come
through kingly line, and Jeconiah
is
cursed, then Messiah must have non-human descent.
a) If curse is on father's
line, then Jesus avoided this.
b) Testimony of
genetics: males have mixed
chromosomes
(x
& y). Jesus' male chromosome
must come from God.
III. The
fulfillment of Messianic promises and prophecies.
A. Messiah brings worldwide
peace. Hasn't happened yet.
1) Even Second Coming won't
fulfill it.
2) But first he is a "light
to the Gentiles," which Jesus is.
a) But "Gentiles"
really means "nations."
B. Holistic reading of Bible fits
Jesus.
1) Supernatural vs. suffering
Messiah.
2) Rabbinic problem of 2 (3?)
Messiahs: ben Joseph, ben David.
C. Messiah called names that don't
fit humans.
1) "Mighty God." Child identified with God. Isa 9:6
a) But all throne names
contained God's name.
1> The altar was even
called "God of Israel."
b) Yet they didn't refer to
person directly as God.
1> Compare Psalm
45: "Your throne, O God, is
forever."
2) King David's lord. Psalm 110
a) Messiah greater than
greatest human king.
b) (not necessarily divine,
since "lord" can mean "sir")
D. Isaiah 42.
1) Messiah cuts a covenant for
the people.
2) But kings don't represent
covenant of sacrifice, high priests
did.
E. Isaiah 53.
1) Israel considered Messiah
stricken for his own sins.
2) Corporate solidarity for
Israel.
3) Death, burial fits Jesus.
a) Rabbis - the leper
Messiah.
F. Problems with interpreting
prophecies.
1) Scholars disagree on
application.
a) Mowinkel
(not a Jew) thought Isa 9:6 was not messianic.
b) "Suffering
servant" doesn't have to be Messiah.
IV. Argument from experience.
A. Jesus continues to heal people.
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